Osteochondrosis is an illness of the spine, which is characterized by the degeneration of the intervertebral disc with a significant decrease in its height, sclerosis of the disc surfaces of the vertebrae and the reactive growth of regional osteophytes.
The cartilage fabric of slices affected by osteochondrosis is gradually born and turns into a bone appeal.The hardened disc decreases the size, loses the properties of the shock absorber between the vertebrae and begins to press the nerve endings, which leads to the occurrence of painful sensations.
The initial stage of osteochondrosis is most often not manifested with unpleasant sensations in the spine and can be diagnosed as a disease of internal organs, and a real diagnosis is only determined after numerous examinations.
Localization distinguishes cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacred and frequent osteochondrosis.In most cases, lumbar osteochondrosis (over 50%of cases), cervical osteochondrosis (more than 25%) and common (about 12%) are diagnosed.
The intervertebral disc is a fiber chip plate.There is a core in the middle of the disc that is surrounded by a fiber ring (fabric that resembles tendons).The intervertebral disc has no vascular system and therefore eats at the expense of other tissue.The back muscles are an important source of nutrients for the hard drive.It is her dystrophy that leads most often to the development of the disease.When lifting weights, jumps and other physical exertion, windows act as shock absorbers and support the necessary distance between the vertebrae.Since the greatest stress falls on the lumbar spine, projections and intermediate residents that are a complication of this disease are most commonly formed.
Disc of the intervertebral disc- Leadership (prolapse) of the disc without breaking the fiber ring.
A hernia of the intervertebral disc- Leadership (prolapse) of a disc with a fiber ring and a "river" of a jet core.The hernia is particularly often formed when the spine or during the simultaneous inclination and the turning of the upper body are formed to the side, especially if a heavy object is in the hands.In this position, the intervertebral discs experience a very large load, the pressure within the intervertebral disc increases, the vertebrae are pressed on one side of the pane and the core is forced to move on the opposite side and press on the fibrous ring.At some point the fibrous ring of such a load did not stand and the disc protrudes (the fibrous ring is stretched, but it remains completely) or the hernia is formed (the fibrous ring breaks and part of the content of the core through the breakthrough).The hernia increases with an increase in the load on the spine and the creation of conditions for the increasing pressure of the damaged intervertebral disc.
It is very important for the direction of the preamview and the size of the hernia, if the hernia is accompanied or to the sides, this can lead to pain and impairments of some organs, and if they arise in the direction of the spinal cord and damage, the consequences can be much more difficult.If the Schwandebral Hernie affects the nerve processes or roots of a certain segment of the spine, this leads to a violation of the work of the organ, for which the damaged segment of the spine is responsible.Another option is possible: Due to the advantage of the hard disk in one direction, the distance between the vertebrae decreases and this leads to priests of nerve processes through the vertebrae itself. The intermediate shred in the lumbar region most often causes pain in the legs, hernia in the thoracic region contributes to dizziness, pain in the heart, violations of breathing organs, etc.Case dizziness and deafness of the hands.The most dangerous intermediate hernias are more than 10 mm in size, sharpen the vertebral canal, the blood vessels and injured nerve -wracking, longer exposure, which not only lead to severe pain, but also to circulatory disorders, loss of sensitivity in the limbs with subsequent complications.But the most dangerous are confiscated hernia of intervertebral discs, i.H.
Causes of osteochondrosis
The causes that cause changes in the intervertebral discs are not fully examined.People begin to feel manifestations of osteochondrosis after 35 years.The development and worsening of this disease is facilitated by various back injuries, static and dynamic overloads and by vibrations.The older the person, the more manifestations he has.But in recent years, more and more people aged 18 to 30 have complained about back pain.There are many reasons for the early manifestation of the disease: weak physical training, violates the posture and curvature of the spine, flat feet and excess weight.
And so we will highlight the main reasons:
- hereditary (genetic) disposition;
- Metabolic disorder in the body, infection, poisoning;
- overweight, inappropriate nutrition (lack of trace elements and liquid);
- Age -related changes;
- Spine injuries (bruises, fractures);
- Violation of attitude, curvature of the spine, hypermobility (instability) of the segments of the spine, flat feet;
- undesirable environmental conditions;
- sitting lifestyle;
- Work that are associated with the lifting of weights frequent changes in the position of the body (curves, bend and extension, jerky movements);
- Longer exposure to uncomfortable poses in the standing position, was located, when lifting and transferring weights, when there is further work, in which the pressure in the windows and the load of the spine generally increases;
- excessive physical activity, unevenly developed bone muscular system;
- Spine overloads associated with foot diseases, as well as as a result of wearing unpleasant shoes, high heels and pregnancy in women;
- sharp attitude of regular training by professional athletes;
- nervous overload, stressful situations, smoking;
- Substitute, undesirable weather conditions (high humidity at low temperature).
Symptoms that are characteristic of osteochondrosis
Patients who suffer from osteochondrosis complain about constant painful back pain, to which numbness and a feeling of pain in the limbs often combine.In the absence of adequate treatment, weight loss and atrophy of the limbs occur.
The main symptoms:
- Constant painful pain in the back, a feeling of numbness and pain in the limbs;
- Increased pain in the event of sudden movements, physical exertion, lifting weights, cough and sneezing;
- Reduction of the movement volume, muscle cramps;
- With osteochondrosis of the cervical spine: pain in the hands, shoulders, headache;It is possible to develop the so -called vertebral artery syndrome that consists of the following symptoms: noise in the head, dizziness, flickering of "flying", colored spots in front of the eyes in combination in combination with a burning pulsating headache.The cause of the syndrome of the vertebral artery can be reaction to the direct irritation of its likeable plexus due to bone growth, disc hernia, osteoarthritis of the intervertebral joint and reflex reaction due to the irritation of all spine receptors.The presence of the syndrome of the vertebral artery can worsen the course of the coronary or heart muscular pathology, if available;
- With osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine: pain in the chest (like a "stake" in the chest), in the heart and in other inner organs;
- with osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine: pain in the lower back, into the sacrum, the lower limbs, sometimes radiate to the pelvic organs;
- The lesion of the nerve roots (with hernias of intervertebral discs between vertebrae, bone growth, spondylolistz, spondylo arthrosis): pain and sensitivity, hypotrophy, hypotension, weakness in the inner muscles and a decline in reflex.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The preliminary diagnosis is determined during the patient's first examination.An examination is usually carried out by a neurologist in connection with the patient's symptoms to local changes, which can manifest themselves through pain, deformation or restrictions on mobility.The spine is examined in the position of the patient, sits and lies, both in peace and in motion.The damage to the spine is determined by counting the number of vertebrae from certain anatomical landmarks or according to a special scheme.
When examining the back, the attitude, the structural features of the body, the line of the misconceptions (middle furrow of the back), the lower corners of the shoulder blades, the combs of the iliac bones, the side contours of the waist and neck, the rejection of the intra -annual -neck, the privacy paid by the waist, which is paid by the waist, open.Spine.
If you feel the spine, you can complement the inspection data (the presence or lack of deformations) and determine the localization, the degree and the type of pain.When the tension of the muscles is next to the spine, the most caused by most injuries and diseases of the spine are accompanied by an increase in muscle tone.
The bending of the spine is used to determine the amplitude of the movements in different parts of the spine.
The main task in the examination of the spine is radiography, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, with which the degree of damage is determined, the diagnosis is specified and specified, hidden pathologies revealed.This diagnostics enables the applicable doctor to determine the tactics of the treatment and to choose the most effective treatment methods.
Treatment methods of osteochondrosis and their complications
Treatment of osteochondrosisAnd his complications are carried out using conservative methods to eliminate the pain syndrome, the dysfunction of the spine roots and prevent the progression of dystrophic changes in the structures of the spine.With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment and special information, surgical (surgical) treatment is carried out, the volume of which depends on the degree of damage and clinical manifestations of the disease.
The duration of the treatment of osteochondrosis and its complications mainly depends on the severity of the disease, age -related changes, treatment methods as well as conscientious prescription and recommendations from the attended doctor.As practice shows, the active treatment phase in most cases takes 1-3 months with conservative methods, and the recovery phase after the operation is about 1 year.At the beginning of the treatment, it is possible in some patients to increase the pain syndrome associated with the reaction of the muscle system in order to expose the body unusual.Pain is stopped in a short time with physiotherapy interventions, medication and special physical exercises.The result of treatment mainly depends on the behavior of the patient, on the patience, perseverance, perseverance and certain willpower, as well as the desire to recover.The greatest efficiency of conservative therapy and rehabilitation after surgery can be achieved among diseases of specialized medical centers and sanatoriums that are equipped with a modern diagnostic and therapeutic basis, as well as highly qualified practitioners who use a comprehensive treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
The complex conservative treatment includes physiotherapy, physiotherapy, massage, manual therapy, traction (traction) of the spine, reflex zone massage and drug therapy.
Medical sports lessons (training therapy)-The main method for the conservative treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is to create lectured loads that target the decompression of nerve roots, correction and strengthening the sore muscles, the volume and the development of a certain stereotype of the movements and the proper attitude as wellStrengthening the necessary flexibility as well as the necessary flexibility as well as the necessary flexibility as well as the necessary flexibility as well as the physical flexibility as well as the strong embossing of the upward migration.This is achieved through regular classes via rehabilitation devices and joint gymnastics.As a result of the exercises, blood circulation, the metabolism and the diet of the intervertebral discs are normalized, the intervertebral disc space increases, muscle corset is formed and the load on the spine is reduced.
Physiotherapy is a treatment method that uses physical factors: low frequency flows, magnetic fields, ultrasound, laser, etc. It is used to relieve pain, inflammatory processes, rehabilitation after injuries and operations.When using physiotherapy methods, the treatment of many diseases is reduced, the effectiveness of the use of pharmaceuticals and a decrease in your dosage is increased, and there are no side effects that are inherent in drug treatment.
The massage is a number of techniques of mechanical dose effects in the form of friction, pressure, vibration, which is carried out directly on the surface of the human body with your hands.Effectively relieves muscle tension, muscle pain, improves blood circulation, has a general refreshment.
Manual therapy is a individually selected manual effect on the bone muscular system for removing acute and chronic pain in the spine and joints as well as an increase in movement volume and posture correction.One of the areas of manual therapy is visceral manual therapy with which the normal mobility of organs restores, improves blood supply, lymphocylation, normalizing metabolism, restoring immunity, prevents the spread of chronic diseases.
The extension (traction) of the spine is an effective method for the treatment of pain syndromes in the spine and joints using a single selected load with special devices.The procedure aims to increase the bandwriter space, to eliminate pain and to restore an anatomically correct form of the spine.
Reflexotherapy - Various therapeutic techniques and influencing methods on the reflexogenic zones of the human body and the acupuncture points.The use of the reflex zone massage in combination with other therapeutic methods significantly increases its effectiveness.Most of the time, the reflex zone massage is used for osteochondrosis, accompanied by pain, nervous system diseases, sleep disorders, mental imbalance as well as with overweight and tobacco curls.If you act on certain points, you can bring the body into harmony and treat many diseases.
During the period of exacerbation of the disease, drug therapy is shown to stop pain syndrome, to remove the inflammatory process and increase metabolic processes by taking or administered medication using intramuscular or intravenous injections.
Although each of the above methods is a highly effective, still persistent therapeutic effect, only with their combination with classes on rehabilitation devices, i.e.H. can be achieved when creating a full sore muscles.